Diabetes

CV Outcomes in Diabetes

Risk reduction with antihyperglycaemic therapies

Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

The opportunity for CV disease prevention in patients with T2D has recently expanded with antihyperglycaemic agents demonstrating significant reductions in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Although the exact mechanisms of CV benefit remain uncertain, they appear to be unrelated to the direct glucose-lowering effects. These agents have triggered a shift beyond glucose control, to a broader strategy of comprehensive CV risk reduction.

CV specialists are well-positioned to play a key role in managing patients with T2D, including screening, aggressively treating CV risk factors, and incorporating the use of antihyperglycaemic agents into routine practice.

In this section

Clinical publications
Guidelines
Review Articles
Clinical Trials
Congress Updates
Ongoing Trials

The Radcliffe diabetes and CVD risk program is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk.

Section advisor

Professor Mikhail N Kosiborod

Saint Luke's America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, US

Videos

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ACC 2021 Discussion: Benefits of SGLT1/2 Inhibition Across the Full Spectrum of EF, Including HFpEF
Deepak Bhatt, Harriette Van Spall
Su Down
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Mikhail Kosiborod, Arun Sanyal
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Mikhail Kosiborod, Arun Sanyal
eSPACE CRM
Carol Pollock, Mark Petrie, David Cherney
End of Year COVID update with Dr Mikhail Kosiborod and Dr Shelley Zieroth
Mikhail Kosiborod, Shelley Zieroth
Year End Video With Dr Mikhail Kosiborod And Dr Silvio Inzucchi
Mikhail Kosiborod, Silvio Inzucchi
Ileana L Piña, Shelley Zieroth
AHA 2020 Discussion: The SCORED Study
Harriette Van Spall, Deepak Bhatt
AHA 2020 Discussion: The SOLOIST-WHF Study
Harriette Van Spall, Deepak Bhatt
AHA 2020: EMPA-TROPISM Trial Results — Dr Juan Badimon
Juan Badimon
Treating calcium with Shockwave IVL – DISRUPT CADIII
Holger Nef
AHA 2020 Discussion: Analysis from the EMPEROR-Reduced Study — Drs Javed Butler & Harriette Van Spall
Harriette Van Spall, Javed Butler
Initiating Basal Insulin and GLP-1 RAs Simultaneously vs Sequentially in a Real-World Population: Impact on Glycaemic Control
Vivian Fonseca
Reduction of CV Events by GLP-1 RAs Explained by HbA1c Reduction
Mart Roosimaa
Andrew JS Coats, Harriette Van Spall, Faiez Zannad
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Martin R Cowie, Faiez Zannad, Sanjay Kaul et al
ESC 2020: Effects of GLP1 RAs, SGLT2is
John Thymis
ESC 2020: Commentary on the DAPA-CKD Study — Dr Giuseppe Galati
Giuseppe Galati
ESC 2020: Commentary on the EMPEROR-Reduced Study — Dr Giuseppe Galati
Giuseppe Galati
ESC 2020: The THEMIS-PAD Trial
Marc P Bonaca
ESC 2020: MI and Mortality Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Christine Gyldenkerne
ESC 2020: Effects of Liraglutide and Semaglutide on Stroke Subtypes in Patients with T2D
David Strain
ESC 2020: APOC-III Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease
Jean-Claude Tardif
EMPERIAL in Review – Effects of Empagliflozin on Exercise Ability
William T Abraham
Shelley Zieroth, Stefan Anker
ESC 2020 Discussion: The EMPEROR-Reduced Study
Harriette Van Spall, Milton Packer
ESC 2020 Discussion: The DAPA-CKD Study — Prof David Wheeler & Dr Harriette Van Spall
Harriette Van Spall
Subodh Verma, Nikolaus Marx, Shelley Zieroth

Featured Articles Article icon

Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity

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GLP-1 RA and atrial fibrillation in the cardiovascular outcome trials
GLP-1 RA and atrial fibrillation in the cardiovascular outcome trials

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SGLT2 inhibitors: expanding their Empire beyond diabetes
SGLT2 inhibitors: expanding their Empire beyond diabetes

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Prevention of heart failure events with SGLT-2 inhibitors across a spectrum of cardio-renal-metabolic risk
Prevention of heart failure events with SGLT-2 inhibitors across a…

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Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, with and without type 2 diabetes
Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure…

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Empagliflozin and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial
Empagliflozin and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with…

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Effects of dapagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and COPD: an analysis of DAPA-HF
Effects of dapagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,…

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Effect of empagliflozin on hemodynamics in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Effect of empagliflozin on hemodynamics in patients with heart failure and…

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Semaglutide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight or obesity (SELECT) rationale and design
Semaglutide effects on cardiovascular outcomes in people with overweight…

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COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management
COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management

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A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic…

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Clinical publications

Empagliflozin effects on pulmonary artery pressure in patients with heart failure: results from EMpagliflozin Evaluation By MeasuRing ImpAct on HemodynamiCs in PatiEnts with Heart Failure (EMBRACE-HF) trial

Nassif ME, Qintar M, Windsor SL, et al. Circulation 2021; epub ahead of press.

Randomized trial of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Santos-Gallego CG, Vargas-Delgado AP, Requena-Ibanez JA, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:243–55.

Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial

Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, Jongs N, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021;9:22–31.

Empagliflozin cuts cardiovascular deaths in advanced heart failure

Slomski A. JAMA 2020;324:2476.

Empagliflozin ameliorates diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular fibrosis/stiffness in nondiabetic heart failure: a multimodality study

Santos-Gallego CG, Requena-Ibanez JA, San Antonio R, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021;14:393–407.

Changes in albuminuria predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the LEADER Trial

Persson F, Bain SC, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Care 2021; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without cardiovascular disease

McMurray JJV, Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, et al. Circulation 2021;143:438–48.

Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and safety outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease according to history of heart failure: results from the CREDENCE Trial

Sarraju A, Li J, Cannon CP, et al. Am Heart J 2021;233:141–8.

Effect of tofogliflozin on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes: prespecified sub-analysis of the prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative UTOPIA trial

Katakami N, Mita T, Yoshii H, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:4.

Efficacy of dulaglutide on vascular health indexes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

Tuttolomondo A, Cirrincione A, Casuccio A, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:1.

A 52-week randomized controlled trial of ipragliflozin or sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes combined with metformin: the N-ISM study

Kitazawa M, Katagiri T, Suzuki H, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23:811–21.

Biomarker-based risk prediction of incident heart failure in pre-diabetes and diabetes

Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2021;9:215–23.

Associations of empagliflozin with left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a substudy of the Empire HF randomized clinical trial

Omar M, Jensen J, Ali M, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2021; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an exploratory analysis from DAPA-HF

Inzucchi SE, Docherty KF, Køber L, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:586–94. 

Changes in cardiovascular biomarkers associated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes

Lawler PR, Liu H, Frankfurter C, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:e45–7.

Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (SUGAR-DM-HF)

Lee MMY, Brooksbank KJM, Wetherall K, et al. Circulation 2021;143:516–25.

Randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the IDDIA trial

Shim CY, Seo J, Cho I, et al. Circulation 2021;143:510–2.

Effects of canagliflozin on amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction

Januzzi JL Jr, Xu J, Li J, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:2076–85.

Effect of empagliflozin on the clinical stability of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J et al. Circulation 2021;143:326–36.

Efficacy of dapagliflozin on renal function and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of DAPA-HF

Jhund PS, Solomon SD, Docherty KF, et al. Circulation 2021;143:298–309.

Effect of dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF according to background glucose-lowering therapy

Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Bengtsson O, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2878–81.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 predicts renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study

Januzzi JL Jr, Butler J, Sattar N, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:210–6.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical implications of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clements JN, Isaacs D, Hartman RE, Gambill K. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin reduced long-term HbA1c variability and cardiovascular death: insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Ceriello A, Ofstad AP, Zwiener I, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:176.

The risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Ling AW, Chan CC, Chen SW, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:188.

Cardiac and kidney benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure across the spectrum of kidney function: insights from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Circulation 2021;143:310–21.

Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with and without baseline metformin use: post hoc analyses of the LEADER Trial

Crowley MJ, McGuire DK, Alexopoulos AS, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e108–10.

The impact of empagliflozin on obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes: an exploratory analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Neeland IJ, Eliasson B, Kasai T, et al. Diabetes Care 2020; epub ahead of press.

Consistent effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes irrespective of diabetic kidney disease categories – insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects

Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1028–39.

Impact of microvascular disease on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 clinical trials

Verma S, Bain SC, Honoré JB, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Early change in albuminuria with canagliflozin predicts kidney and cardiovascular outcomes: a post hoc analysis from the CREDENCE trial

Oshima M, Neuen BL, Li J, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin by baseline glucose lowering agents – post-hoc analyses from DECLARE-TIMI 58

Cahn A, Wiviott SD, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril/valsartan: the DAPA-HF trial

Solomon SD, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:811–8.

Renal and cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibition in combination with loop diuretics in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: the RECEDE-CHF trial

Mordi NA, Mordi IR, Singh JS, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1713–24.

Dapagliflozin influences ventricular hemodynamics and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients – a randomized controlled trial

Kayano H, Koba S, Hirano T, et al. Circ J 2020;84:1807–17.

Risk of amputation with canagliflozin across categories of age and cardiovascular risk in three US nationwide databases: cohort study

Fralick M, Kim SC, Schneeweiss S, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m2812.

Twelve weeks of treatment with empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

Jensen J, Omar M, Kistorp C, et al. Am Heart J 2020;228:47–56.

The impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on natriuretic peptides in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes

Nielsen R, Jorsal A, Tougaard RS, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease

Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1436–46.

Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes

Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1425–35.

Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER programme

Thethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1263–77.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study

Filion KB, Lix LM, Yu OH, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m3342.

Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on kidney function and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-7 randomised controlled trials

Mann JFE, Hansen T, Idorn T, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:880–93.

Incidence of hospitalization for heart failure relative to major atherosclerotic events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials

Sacre JW, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2614–23.

SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Lancet 2020;396:819–29.

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. N Engl J Med 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin reduces the risk of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure across Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure in Diabetes categories: post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Verma S, Sharma A, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1141–50.

Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with short and long-standing type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial

Bajaj HS, Raz I, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1122–31.

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of linagliptin treatment in older people with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease and/or kidney disease: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled CARMELINA® trial

Cooper ME, Rosenstock J, Kadowaki T, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1062–73.

Association between uric acid levels and cardio-renal outcomes and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Ji Q, Bhatt DL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1207–14.

Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Seong JM, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Sohn HS. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:95.

Temporal trends in cardiovascular complications in people with or without type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

Davis WA, Gregg EW, Davis TME. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:dgaa215.

Contemporary treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of comorbid diabetes mellitus and HFrEF: the CHAMP-HF Registry

Vaduganathan M, Fonarow GC, Greene SJ, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:469–80.

Heart failure and renal outcomes according to baseline and achieved blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Böhm M, Fitchett D, Ofstad AP, et al. J Hypertens 2020; eub ahead of press.

Effects of the dual sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitor, licogliflozin vs placebo or empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure

de Boer RA, Núñez J, Kozlovski P, et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020;86:1346–56.

Can the cardiovascular risk reductions observed with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial be explained by concomitant changes seen in conventional cardiovascular risk factor levels?

Coleman RL, Gray AM, Broedl Md UC, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1151–6.

Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition according to left ventricular ejection fraction in DAPA-HF

Dewan P, Solomon SD, Jhund PS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes by baseline albuminuria status and renal function – results from the LEADER randomized trial

Mosenzon O, Bain SC, Heerspink HJL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Superior effect of 1-year treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonist and exercise on weight loss maintenance and body composition after a very low-calorie diet: the S-LITE randomized trial

Janus C, Lundgren JR, Jensen S, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):139-OR.

Association between HbA1c levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the TECOS randomized clinical trial

McAlister FA, , Zheng Y, Westerhout CM, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

LEADER trial eligibility and preventable cardiovascular events in US adults with diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2016

Fan W, Tong C, Wong ND. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; epub ahead of press.

A randomized controlled trial of dapagliflozin on left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type two diabetes: the DAPA-LVH trial

Brown AJM, Gandy S, McCrimmon R, et al. Eur Heart J 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular risk reduction with liraglutide: an exploratory mediation analysis of the LEADER trial

Buse JB, Bain SC, Mann JFE, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1546–52.

Risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with DPP-4 inhibitors: an analysis from the CVD-REAL 2 multinational cohort study

Kohsaka S, Lam CSP, Kim DJ, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:606–15

Using the BRAVO risk engine to predict cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

Shao H, Shi L, Fonseca VA. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1530–6.

Exploring the possible impact of unbalanced open-label drop-in of glucose-lowering medications on EXSCEL outcomes

Bethel MA, Stevens SR, Buse JB, et al. Circulation 2020;141:1360–70.

Renal, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes of canagliflozin by baseline kidney function: a secondary analysis of the CREDENCE randomized trial

Jardine MJ, Zhou Z, Mahaffey KW, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31:1128–39.

The influence of baseline diastolic blood pressure on the effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes

Ilkun OL, Greene T, Cheung AK, et al. Diabetes Care 2020; epub ahead of press.

Risk of severe hypoglycaemia and its impact in type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE

Heller S, Lingvay I, Marso SP, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Validation of distinct type 2 diabetes clusters and their association with diabetes complications in the DEVOTE, LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 cardiovascular outcomes trials

Kahkoska AR, Geybels MS, Klein KR, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardio-renal effects

Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Circulation 2020; epub ahead of press.

Contemporary cardiovascular risk assessment for type 2 diabetes including heart failure as an outcome: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II

Davis WA, Hellbusch V, Hunter ML, et al. J Clin Med 2020;9:e1428.

Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Al-Bazz DY, Wilding JPH. Future Cardiol 2020;16:77–88.

The effects of canagliflozin compared to sitagliptin on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of the CANA-HF study

Carbone S, Billingsley HE, Canada JM, et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

Hyperglycaemia, ejection fraction and the risk of heart failure or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome

Shin SH, Claggett B, Pfeffer MA, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Enrolment criteria for diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials do not inform on generalizability to clinical practice: the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Sciannameo V, Berchialla P, Orsi E, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:817–27.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin on myocardial efficiency in insulin-resistant chronic heart failure patients without diabetes

Larsen AH, Jessen N, Nørrelund H, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; epub ahead of press.

The effect of dulaglutide on stroke: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial

Gerstein HC, Hart RH, Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:106–14.

Clinical outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline body mass index: results from post hoc analyses of the CANVAS Program

Ohkuma T, Van Gaal L, Shaw W, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:530–9.

Are the cardiovascular and kidney benefits of empagliflozin influenced by baseline glucose-lowering therapy?

Inzucchi SE, Fitchett D, Jurišić‐Eržen D, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:631–9.

Semaglutide (SUSTAIN and PIONEER) reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes across varying cardiovascular risk

Husain M, Bain SC, Jeppesen OK, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:442–51.

Twelve-year trends in pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes among patients with heart failure in the United States

Dawwas GK, Leonard CE, Garg M, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:705–10.

Prediction and validation of exenatide risk marker effects on progression of renal disease: Insights from EXSCEL

Idzerda NMA, Clegg LE, Hernandez AF, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:798–806.

The Association Between Uric Acid Levels and Cardio-renal Outcomes and Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Ji Q, Bhatt DL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Heart failure with insulin degludec versus glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease: DEVOTE 14

Pratley RE, Husain M, Lingvay I, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:156.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction

Trevisan M, Fu EL, Szummer K, et al. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2020; epub ahead of press.

Comparison of Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Human vs Analogue Insulins

Neugebauer R, Schroeder EB, Reynolds K, et al. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e1918554.

Occurence of First and Recurrent Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Liraglutide Treatment Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and High Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Verma S, Bain SC, Bus JB, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2019;4:1214–20.

Eligibility of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors among patients with diabetes mellitus admitted for heart failure

Sharma A, Wu J, Ezekowitz JA, et al. ESC Heart Fail 2020;7:275–9.

Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Renal Function in Patients Treated With Once-Weekly Exenatide: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial

Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, MerrillP, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:446–52.

Prescription patterns of diabetes medications influencing clinical outcomes of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Chang HY, Su YW, Feng AN, et al. ESC Heart Fail 2020;7:604–15.

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in the Elderly: Analysis From the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Study

Cahn A, Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:468–75.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on short term vascular complications after TAVR: Results from the BRAVO-3 randomized trial

Goel R, Power D, Tchetche D, et al. Int J Cardiol 2019;297:22–9.

Confirming the Bidirectional Nature of the Association Between Severe Hypoglycemic and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From EXSCEL

Standl E, Stevens SR, Lokhnygina Y, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:643–52.

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Liang WH, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708–20.

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular event protections: how applicable are clinical trials and observational studies to real-world patients?

Shao SC, Lin YH, Chang KC, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019;7:e000742.

Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Prescribing Preferences for SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, 2013-2018

Dave CV, Schneeweis S, Wexler DJ, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:921–4.

Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study

Bromage DI, Godec TR, Pujades-Rodriguez M, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:168.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF)

Damman K, Beusekamp JC, Boorsma EM, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:713–22

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. N Engl J Med 2019;381:841-51.

Efficacy of empagliflozin on heart failure and renal outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Böhm M, Slawik J, Brueckmann M, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:126–35.

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial

Zelniker TA, Bonaca MP, Furtado RHM, et al. Circulation 2020;141:1227–34.

The Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial: baseline characteristics

McMurray JJV, DeMets DL, Inzucchi SE, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1402–11.

Sitagliptin does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure following myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: observations from TECOS

Nauck MA, McGuire DK, Pieper KS, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:116.

Comparative risk evaluation for cardiovascular events associated with dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin in real-world type 2 diabetes patients: a multi-institutional cohort study

Shao SC, Chang K, Hung M, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:120.

Eligibility of patients with type 2 diabetes for sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials: An assessment using the Diabetes Collaborative Registry

Wittbrodt E, Chamberlain D, Arnold SV, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:1985–9.

Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes across Different Levels of Albuminuria: Data from the CANVAS Program

Neuen BL, Ohkuma T, Neal B, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019;30:2229–42.

Effects of Liraglutide Compared With Placebo on Events of Acute Gallbladder or Biliary Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events in the LEADER Randomized Trial

Nauck MA, Ghorbani MLM, Kreiner E, et al. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1912–20.

Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos GS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1279–87.

Evaluation of the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Packer M, Butler J, Filippatos GS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1270–8.

Effect of Empagliflozin on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Randomized Clinical Trial

Verma S, Mazer CD, Yan AT, et al. Circulation 2019;140:1693–702.

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Mahaffey KW, Jardin MJ, Bompoint S, et al. Circulation 2019;140:739–50.

Relationship between hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes, and empagliflozin treatment in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial

Fitchett D, Inzucchi, Wanner C, et al. Eur Heart J 2020;41:209–17.

Duration of diabetes and cardiorenal efficacy of liraglutide and semaglutide: A post hoc analysis of the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 clinical trials

Verma S, Bain SC, Fries TM, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:1745–51.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial

Lingvay I, Catarig AM, Frias JP, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7:834–44.

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. N Engl J Med 2019;381:841–51.

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Associated Risks of Cardiovascular Events, Mortality, and Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis (DEVOTE 11)

Amod A, Buse JB, McGuire DK, et al. Diabetes Ther 2020;11:53–70.

Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial

Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7:606–17.

Comparative efficacy, safety, and cardiovascular outcomes with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Insights from the SUSTAIN 1-7 trials

Aroda VR, Ahmannb A, Cariou B, et al. Diabetes Metab 2019;45:409–18.

Effect of Linagliptin vs Glimepiride on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The CAROLINA Randomized Clinical Trial

Rosenstock J, Kahn SE, Johansen OE, et al. JAMA 2019;322:1155–66.

Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Lancet 2019;394:121–30.

Insulin treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Shen L, Rørth R, Cosmi D, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:974–84.

Guidelines

Dapagliflozin for treating chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

London: NICE; 2021.

Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes – 2021

American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2021;44(Suppl 1):S111–24.

Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of medical care in diabetes – 2021

American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2021;44(Suppl 1):S125–50.

2021 update to the 2017 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway for Optimization of Heart Failure Treatment: answers to 10 pivotal issues about heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:772–810.

Guideline recommendations and the positioning of newer drugs in type 2 diabetes care

Marx N, Davies MJ, Grant PJ, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021;9:46–52.

Delphi-based consensus on treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes subjects failing basal insulin supported oral treatment: focus on basal insulin + GLP-1 receptor agonist combination therapies

Fadini GP, Disoteo O, Candido R, et al. Diabetes Ther 2021; epub ahead of press.

Switching between GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical practice: expert consensus and practical guidance

Jain AB, Ali A, Gorgojo Martínez JJ, et al. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75:e13731.

Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology update on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure (an update on the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure: beyond glycaemic control

Seferovic PM, Fragasso G, Petrie M, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

A disease state approach to the pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: a position statement by Primary Care Diabetes Europe

Seidu S, Cos X, Brunton S, et al. Prim Care Diabetes 2020; epub ahead of press.

Glucose-lowering pharmacotherapies in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. An expert consensus reported by the Chinese Diabetes Society and the Chinese Society of Endocrinology

Hong T, Su Q, Li X, et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

Pharmacological treatment initiation for type 2 diabetes in Australia: are the guidelines being followed?

Wood SJ, Magliano DJ, Bell JS, et al. Diabet Med 2020;37:1367–73.

Cardiorenal protection with the newer antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association

Rangaswami J, Bhalla V, de Boer IH, et al. Circulation 2020; epub ahead of press.

2020 expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee

Das SR, Everett BM, Birtcher KK, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:1117–45.

Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in heart failure: beyond glycaemic control. The Position Paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

Seferović PM, Fragasso G, Petrie M, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association

Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al. Circulation 2020;141:e779–806.

European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association position paper on the role and safety of new glucose-lowering drugs in patients with heart failure

Seferović PM, Coats AJS, Ponikowski P, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:196–213.

CCS/CHFS Heart Failure Guidelines: Clinical Trial Update on Functional Mitral Regurgitation, SGLT2 Inhibitors, ARNI in HFpEF, and Tafamidis in Amyloidosis

O'Meara E, McDonald M, Chan M, et al. Can J Cardiol 2020;36:159–69.

2019 Update to: Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

Buse JB, Wexler DJ, Tsapas A, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:487–93.

Addressing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a report from the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Roundtable

Cosentino F, Ceriello A, Baeres FMM, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40:2907–19.

A Roadmap on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among People Living With Diabetes

Mitchell S, Malanda B, Damasceno A, et al. Glob Heart 2019;14:215–40.

2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea

Kim MK, Ko SH, Kim BY, et al. Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:398–406.

Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and multiple cardiovascular risk factors: An Asian perspective and expert recommendations

Deerochanawong C, Chan SP, Matawaran BJ, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:2354–67.

Consensus recommendations for management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases

Bashier A,Bin Hussain A, Abdelgadir E, et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019;11:80.

2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. Eur Heart J 2020;41:543–603.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

Seferović PM, Petrie MC, Filippatos GS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2018;20:853–72.

Review Articles

Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

McGuire DK, Shih WJ, Cosentino F, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2021;6:148–58.

SGLT2 inhibitors may offer benefit beyond diabetes

Kang A et al. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021 Feb;17(2):83-84.

HbA1c change and diabetic retinopathy during GLP-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials: a meta-analysis and meta-regression

Bethel MA, Diaz R, Castellana N, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:290–6.

SGLT2 inhibitors in people with and without T2DM

Khunti K. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021;17:75–6.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in non-diabetic heart failure: a narrative review

Dahal R, Acharya Y, Mukherjee D. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2020; epub ahead of press.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Palmer SC, Tendal B, Mustafa RA, et al. BMJ 2021;372:m4573.

Cardiovascular outcome trials in obesity: a review

Wilding JPH, Jacob S. Obes Rev 2021;22:e13112.

The time is now for sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors for heart failure: a call to overcome clinical inertia

Khan MS, Butler J, Greene SJ. Circ Heart Fail 2020;13:e008030.

Patient-centered management of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on specific clinical scenarios: systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Pinto LC, Rados DV, Remonti LR, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:dgaa534.

Cardiovascular safety of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as add-on to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jeon JY, Ha KH, Kim DJ. Diabetes Metab J 2020; epub ahead of press.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure

Dutka M, Bobiński R, Ulman-Wlodarz I, et al. Heart Fail Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

SGLT2 inhibitors: emerging roles in the protection against cardiovascular and kidney disease among diabetic patients

Vasquez-Rios G, Nadkarni GN. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2020;13:281–96.

Worldwide inertia to the use of cardiorenal protective glucose-lowering drugs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA) in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes

Schernthaner G, Shehadeh N, Ametov AS, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:185.

What makes sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors stand out in heart failure?

Khan MS, Vaduganathan M. Curr Diab Rep 2020;20:63.

Use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and kidney disease: an Asian perspective and expert recommendations

Khoo CM, Deerochanawong C, Chan SP, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23:299–317.

GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state-of-the-art

Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. Mol Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin improves outcomes in HFrEF regardless of diabetic status

Lim GB. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020;17:681.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with and without metformin: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes

Neuen BL, Arnott C, Perkovic V, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Draft FDA guidance for assessing the safety of glucose lowering therapies: a missed opportunity?

Khunti K, Davies MJ, Marx N, Buse JBl. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:810–1.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and heart failure: the need for further evidence generation and practice guidelines optimization

Khan MS, Fonarow GC, McGuire DK, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1205–18.

Comparative effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Tsapas A, Avgerinos I, Karagiannis T, et al. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:278–86.

Cardiovascular outcomes trials with incretin-based medications: a critical review of data available on GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors

Sachinidis A, Nikolic D, Stoian AP, et al. Metabolism 2020:154343.

SGLT2 inhibitor: not a traditional diuretic for heart failure

Verma A, Patel AB, Waikar SS. Cell Metab 2020;32:13–4.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a review

Murphy SP, Ibrahim NE, Januzzi JL Jr. et al. JAMA 2020;324:488–504.

SGLT2 inhibitors: mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit beyond glycaemic control

Cowie MR, Fisher M. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke: a systematic scoping review

Maskery MP, Holscher C, Jones SP, et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021;41:14–30.

Kidney and cardiovascular protection with SGLT2 inhibitors: lessons from cardiovascular outcome trials and CREDENCE

O'Hara DV, Neuen BL, Jardine MJ. J Nephrol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular outcomes trials with incretin-based medications: a critical review of data available on GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors

Sachinidis A, Nikolic D, Stoian AP, et al. Metabolism 2020; epub ahead of press.

Management of heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: maximizing complementary drug therapy

Butler J, Januzzi JL, Rosenstock J. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1243–62.

A metabolic handbook for the COVID-19 pandemic

Ayres JS. Nat Metab 2020;2:572–85.

Cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies

Herrera Comoglio R, Vidal Guitart X. Int J Clin Pract 2020;74:e13553.

SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Lancet 2020;epub ahead of press.

Systematic review of glucagon like peptide one receptor agonist liraglutide for subjects with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

Hamad F, Elnour AA, Elamin A, et al. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Scheen AJ. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020; epub ahead of press.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: ‘a tale of two sisters’, diabetes and heart failure

Farmakis D, Butler J, Filippatos G. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a review

Honigberg MC, Chang LS, McGuire DK, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2020; epub ahead of press.

GLP-1 and insulin regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion in type 2 diabetes

Love KM, Liu J, Regensteiner JG, et al. J Diabetes 2020;12:488–98.

The interplay between cardiology and diabetology: a renewed collaboration to optimize cardiovascular prevention and heart failure management

Sabouret P, Galati G, Angoulvant D, et al. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2020; epub ahead of press.

Do GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is reduce cardiovascular events in women with type 2 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mishriky BM, Okunrintemi V, Jain S, et al. Diabetes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering therapies

Khunti K, Davies MJ, Seidu S. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020;20:237–49.

Sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 inhibitor renal outcome modification in type 2 diabetes: evidence from studies in patients with high or low renal risk

Schernthaner G, Groop PH, Kalra PA, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1024–34.

Issues of cardiovascular risk management in people with diabetes in the COVID-19 era

Ceriello A, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1427–32.

Generalizability of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors cardiovascular outcome trials to the type 2 diabetes population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Castellana M, Procino F, Sardone R, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:87.

Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis

Alfayez OM, Almohammed OA, Alkhezi OS, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:96.

Glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Prattichizzo F, La Sala, L, Rydén L, et al. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019;26(Suppl 2):73–80.

Effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on cardiac function and cardiovascular outcome: a systematic review

Matsumura K, Sugiura T. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2019;17:26.

Effects of antidiabetic drugs on left ventricular function/dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Zhang DP, Xu L, Wang L, Jiang F. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:10.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and type 2 diabetes: clinical pearls for in-hospital initiation, in-hospital management, and postdischarge

Mazer CD, Arnaout A, Connelly KA, et al. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020;35:178–86.

Primary versus secondary cardiorenal prevention in type 2 diabetes: Which newer anti-hyperglycaemic drug matters?

Giugliano D, Ceriello, A, De Nicola, L, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:149–57.

An overview of GLP-1 agonists and recent cardiovascular outcomes trials

Sheahan KH, Wahlberg EA, Gilbert MP. Postgrad Med J 2020;96:156–61.

Incretin-based glucose-lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and malignancies: a meta-analysis based on cardiovascular outcomes trials

El Aziz MA, Cahyadi O, Meier JJ, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:699–704.

Glucose-lowering drugs or strategies, atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, and heart failure in people with or at risk of type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised cardiovascular outcome trials

Ghosh-Swaby OR, Goodman SG, Leiter LA, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:418–35.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights and Opportunities for Cardiovascular Protection

Bertoccini L, Baroni MG. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Differential indication for SGLT-2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with established atherosclerotic heart disease or at risk for congestive heart failure

Giorgino F, Caruso I, Moellmann J, Lehrke M. Metabolism 2020;104:154045.

Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER programme

Thethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Number needed to treat in cardiovascular outcome trials with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review with temporal analysis

Davies MJ, Kloecker DE, Webb DR, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis

Zou CY, Liu XK, Sang YQ, et al. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e18245.

How Do SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2) Inhibitors and GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) Receptor Agonists Reduce Cardiovascular Outcomes?: Completed and Ongoing Mechanistic Trials

Lee MMY, Petrie MC, McMurray JJV, Sattar N. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020;40:506–22.

Gender difference in cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardio-vascular outcome trials

Singh AK, Singh R. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:181–7.

SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: is acute kidney injury a concern?

Baker ML, Perazella MA. J Nephrol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Decision algorithm for prescribing SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetic kidney disease

Li J, Albajrami O, Zhuo M, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;15:1678–88.

Metformin and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with or without diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Johnson R, et al. Heart Fail Rev 2020 epub ahead of press.

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition and Cardiorenal Protection: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Cherney DZ, Odutayo A, Aronson R, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;74:2511–24.

Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Addressing Knowledge and Clinical Practice Gaps: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Mechanick JI, Farkouh ME, Newman JD, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;75:539–55.

Treatment of heart failure with sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: current evidence and future directions

Sharma A, Butler J, Zieroth S, et al. Diabet Med 2019;36:1550–61.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Marsico F, Paolillo S, Gargiulo P, et al. Eur Heart J 2020; epub ahead of press.

Association of glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and evidence map

Zhu J, Yu X, Zheng Y, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:192–205.

Uses and limitations of the restricted mean survival time: illustrative examples from cardiovascular outcomes and mortality trials in type 2 diabetes

Kloecker DE, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Zaccardi F. Ann Intern Med 2020; epub ahead of press.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors as combination therapy for type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mantsiou C, Karagiannis T, Kakotrichi P, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Treatment paradigm shifting implications of recent cardiovascular outcome trials: Core insights on the brink of the 2020ies

Standl E, Schnell O. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020;161:108054.

SGLT2 Inhibitors Play a Salutary Role in Heart Failure via Modulation of the Mitochondrial Function

Maejima Y. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019;6:186.

Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: implications for managing glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal risk

Stephens JW, Brown KE, Min T. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22(Suppl 1):32–45.

Computing and interpreting the number needed to treat for cardiovascular outcomes trials: perspective on GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i therapies

Ludwig L, Darmon P, Guerci B. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:65.

CVOTs: What did the endocrinologist learn?

Valensi P, Prévost G. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020;159:107947.

Best Practices for the Prevention of Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Diagnostic Angiography and Intervention: An International Consensus Paper

Bernat I, Aminian A, Pancholy S, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019;12:2235–46.

What have we learned about renal protection from the cardiovascular outcome trials and observational analyses with SGLT2 inhibitors?

Sridhar VS, Rahman HU, Cherney DZI. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22(Suppl 1):55–68.

Cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonist in Asians with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials

Singh AK, Singh R. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:715–22.

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Potential of Dapagliflozin

Avgerinos I, Liakos A, Tsapas A, Bekiari E. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019;12:2549–57.

Sex disparities in cardiovascular outcome trials of populations with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clemens KK, Woodward M, Neal B, Zinman B. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1157–63.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists cardio-protective effects: an umbrella review

Elnour AA, Al Hajri N, El Khidir IY, et al. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

The Changing Landscape of Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Cardiovascular Outcomes

Wu L, Gunton JE. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:5853.

Use of incretin-based medications: what do current international recommendations suggest with respect to GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors?

Davies MJ, Bianchi C, Del Prato S. Metabolism 2020;107:154242.

Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: from mechanistic studies in humans to clinical outcomes

Heuvelman VD, Van Raalte DH, Smits MM. Cardiovasc Res 2020;116:916–30.

Cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs): a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies

Herrera Comoglio R, Vidal-Guitart X. Int J Clin Pract 2020; epub ahead of press.

Adoption of New Glucose-Lowering Medications in the U.S.-The Case of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Nationwide Cohort Study

McCoy RG, Dykhoff HJ, Sangaralingham L, et al. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019;21:702–12.

Cardiovascular protection with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: does it apply to all patients?

Giorgino F, Vora J, Fenici P, Solini A. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Semaglutide injection for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes

Chudleigh RA, Bain SC. Expert Rev Clin Pharmaco. 2020; epub ahead of press.

Advances in type 2 diabetes therapy: a focus on cardiovascular and renal outcomes

Libianto R, Davis TME, Ekinci EI. Med J Aust 2020;212:133–9.

Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP1-RAs in patients with T2D

Kristensen SL, Rørth R, Jhund PS, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7:776–85.

How Do SGLT-2 Inhibitors Work to Prevent Heart Failure?

Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Solomon SD. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:67–9.

Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?

Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:e21.

Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of new antidiabetic drug classes: a network meta-analysis

Fei Y, Tsoi M, Cheung BMY. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:112.

Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis

Han Y, Xie H, Liu Y, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:96.

Evidence from routine clinical practice: EMPRISE provides a new perspective on CVOTs

Schernthaner G, Karasik A, Abraitienė A, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:115.

Lessons learned from the DAPA-HF trial concerning the mechanisms of benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure events in the context of other large-scale trials nearing completion

Packer M. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:129.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without prior cardiovascular events: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials

Mannucci E, Dicembrini I, Nreu B, Monami M. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:203–11.

Neprilysin inhibition: a new therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes?

Esser N, Zraika S. Diabetologia 2019;62:1113–22.

Heterogeneity and Similarities in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials

Caruso I, Cignarelli A, Giorgino F. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019;30:578–89.

Using Real-World Data to Predict Findings of an Ongoing Phase IV Cardiovascular Outcome Trial: Cardiovascular Safety of Linagliptin Versus Glimepiride

Patorno E, Schneeweiss S, Gopalakrishnan C, et al. Diabetes Care 2019;42:2204–10.

Cardiovascular Outcome Trials in Type 2 Diabetes: What Do They Mean for Clinical Practice?

Eckel RH, Farooki A, Henry RR, et al. Clin Diabetes 2019;37:316–37.

Reconceptualization of the Molecular Mechanism by Which Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Reduce the Risk of Heart Failure Events

Packer M. Circulation 2019;140:443–5.

GLP-1 receptor agonists for prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis including the REWIND and PIONEER 6 trials

Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:2576–80.

Association of Treatment with Metformin vs Sulfonylurea with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Diabetes and Reduced Kidney Function

Roumie CL, Chipman J, Min JY, et al. JAMA 2019;322:1167–77.

Sodium–glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Adverse Effects and Future Developments

European Cardiology Review 2019;14(1):23-32

Cardiovascular Implications of Sphingomyelin Presence in Biological Membranes

European Cardiology Review 2018;13(1):42–5.

Natriuretic Peptide-based Screening and Prevention of Heart Failure

Cardiac Failure Review 2017;3(2):83–5.

Influence of Race in the Association of Diabetes and Heart Failure

US Cardiology Review 2018;12(1):17–21.

Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiac Failure Review 2017;3(1):52–5.

Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure

European Cardiology Review 2014;9(1):37–42

The Bi-directional Impact of Two Chronic Illnesses: Heart Failure and Diabetes – A review of the Epidemiology and Outcomes

Cardiac Failure Review 2015;1(1):8–10

Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Heart Failure Prevention in Type 2 Diabetes

Cardiac Failure Review 2019;5(3):169–72.

Clinical Trials

Rationale and design of the EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced trials of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure

Abraham WT, Ponikowski P, Brueckmann M, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:932–42.

Congress Updates

Empagliflozin for chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction in patients with and without diabetes: primary results of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Packer M, Butler J, Anker SD, et al. Virtual EASD Annual Meeting 2020.

Main results of the empagliflozin evaluation by measuring impact on hemodynamics in patients with heart failure trial

Nassif ME, Qintar M, Windsor SL, et al. Virtual HFSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2020.

Effect of empagliflozin on major heart failure outcomes, renal function and quality of life in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, with and without sacubitril/valsartan

Packer M. Virtual HFSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2020.

SGLT2 inhibition for CKD and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: report of a scientific workshop sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation

Tuttle KR, Brosius FC 3rd, Cavender MA, et al. Am J Kidney Dis 2021;77:94–109.

Effects of dapagliflozin on kidney function, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality according to cause of kidney disease in the DAPA-CKD trial

Wheeler DC, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. American Society of Nephrology - Kidney Week 2020 Reimagined, 23 October 2020. Abstract FR-OR58.

Kidney function after initiation and discontinuation of empagliflozin in heart failure patients with and without type 2 diabetes: insights from the Emperial trials

Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Wanner C, et al. Virtual HFSA Annual Scientific Meeting 2020.

Navigating through the COVID-19 pandemic and new lessons from cardiovascular outcome trials

Itzhak B, Standl E. Virtual EASD Annual Meeting 2020.

EMPEROR-Reduced: empagliflozin in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, with and without diabetes

Packer M, et al. ESC 2020.

DAPA-CKD – dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease

Heerspink H, et al. ESC 2020.

New-onset type 2 diabetes in heart failure: impact of heart failure and death versus ischemic events –a Danish nationwide cohort study

Zareini B, Blanche PB, Holt AH, et al. ESC 2020.

Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease outcomes: a post hoc pooled analysis from the SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 trials

Tuttle K, Cherney D, Hadjadj S, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa140.MO051.

Reduction in the rate of EGFR decline with semaglutide vs placebo: a post hoc pooled analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6

Tuttle K, Cherney D, Hadjadj S, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa141.TO002.

The effect of dapagliflozin on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Papadopoulou E, Loutradis C, Tzatzagou G, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa142.P1026.

Impact of N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and high sensitivity cardiac troponin on the prediction of death and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes

Malachias MVB, Jhund P, Claggett B, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):2-OR.

The effect of dapagliflozin on ambulatory aortic blood pressure and arterial stiffness parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Papadopoulou E, Loutradis C, Kotsa K, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa139.SO036.

Prior bariatric surgery and perioperative cardiovascular outcomes following noncardiac surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Jin J, Li H, Shang P, Li Y. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):5-OR.

Renal outcomes in diabetic kidney patients treated with GLP1 agonist receptors vs SGLT2 inhibitors

Maroto A, Marques Vidas M, Sanz I, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa142.P1009

Blood pressure as predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD)/cerebrovascular disease (CVD) according to glucose tolerance status (GTS): implications for updated guidelines

Yamada MH, Fujihara K, Yaguchi Y, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):6-OR.

How early after treatment initiation are the CV benefits of empagliflozin apparent? A post hoc analysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Leiter LA, Sharma A, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):28-OR.

Analyses of first plus recurrent cardiovascular (CV) and hospitalization events in the CAROLINA trial

Marx N, McGuire DK, Johansen OE, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):1-OR.

Diabetes duration and the relative importance of cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes

Fahrmann ER, Driscoll H. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):4-OR.

Comparative effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors vs. GLP-1 agonists

Poonawalla I, Bowe A, Tindal M, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):36-OR.

Intensive glycemic control can reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): a Bayesian’s narrative

Shao H, Yand S, Fonseca V, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):3-OR.

Kidney implications of the initial EGFR response to SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin: the ‘EGFR DIP’ in EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Kraus BJ, Weir M, Bakris G, et al. Nephrol Dial Transpl 20202020;35(Suppl 3):gfaa146.LB005

Effects of semaglutide versus comparators on cardiovascular events across a continuum of baseline cardiovascular risk: combined analysis of the SUSTAIN and PIONEER trials

Husain M, Bain SC, Holst AG, et al. Poster 1161-111 presented at ACC.20/WCC Virtual, 28 March 2020.

Applying REWIND CVD criteria to SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6: an exploratory analysis of CV outcomes with semaglutide

Verma S, Fainberg U, Husain M, et al. Poster 1209-086 presented at ACC.20/WCC Virtual, 28 March 2020.

Report from the 5th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) summit

Schnell O, Standl E, Cos X, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:47.

Oral Semaglutide vs. Sitagliptin: Efficacy by Baseline HbA1c and Background OAD in PIONEER 3

Rosenstock J, Allison DC, Birkenfeld AL, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):111-LB.

Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) vs. First-Generation Basal Insulins (BI) in Insulin-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Patients (Pts) With and Without Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Frias JP, Evenou P, Dalton D, Dungan KM. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):128-LB.

Heart Failure End Points in Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Butler J, Packer M, Greene SJ, et al. Circulation 2019;140:2108–18.

Relationship between Hypoglycaemia (Hypo), Outcomes and Empagliflozin (EMPA) Treatment Effect in EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Zinman B, Fitchett DH, Mattheus M, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):159-LB.

Cardiovascular Outcomes With Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis

Lee YM, Park EJ, Park YA, et al. Circulation 2019;140(Suppl 1):A12808.

Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Hemodynamic and Metabolic Cardiovascular Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sathavarodom N. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):160-LB.

Canagliflozin Reduces Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Regardless of Baseline HbA1c, Including Those With HbA1c <7%: Results From the CREDENCE Trial

Cannon CP, Perkovic V, Agarwal R, et al. Circulation 2019;140(Suppl 1): A14752

Effect of Open-Label SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment When Combined with Exenatide on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in EXSCEL

Clegg LE, Penland RC, Boulton DW, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):6-LB.

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial

Zelniker TA, Bonaca MP, Mosenzon O, et al. Circulation 2019;140(Suppl 1):A15581.

Real-World Effectiveness of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With and Without Cardiovascular Disease

Patorno E, Pawar A, Schneeweiss S, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):247-OR.

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to Age: Insights From DAPA-HF (Late breaking science)

Martinez FA, Serenelli M, Nicolau JC, et al. Circulation 2020;141:100–11.

Empagliflozin and Cardiorenal Outcomes in Patients with Nonproteinuric Kidney Disease in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial

Inzucchi SE, Zinman B, George J, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):248-OR.

Liraglutide and Semaglutide Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease

Verma S, Rasmussen S, Saevereid HA, Ripa MS. Circulation. 2019;140(Suppl 1):A11456.

Effects of Dapagliflozin on the Urinary Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Predefined Analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Raz I, Wiviott SD, Yanuv I, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):244-OR.

Empagliflozin Selected Cardiovascular and Safety Outcomes in Routine Care: First Results from the Empagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and Safety (EMPRISE) Study

Patorno E, Pawar A, Franklin J, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):249-OR.

Liraglutide for Perioperative Management of Hyperglycaemia in Cardiac Surgery Patients (GLOBE): A Multicentre, Prospective, Superiority Randomised Trial

Hulst AH, Preckel B, Hollmann MW, et al. Diabetes 2019; 68(Suppl 1):56-OR.

Heart failure risk stratification and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Berg D, Wiviott S, Scirica B, et al. Eur Heart J 2019; 40(Suppl 1):ehz747.0105.

Effects of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin Add-On to Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: ELLENA-IT, a Randomized Controlled Study

Nakaguchi H, Kondo Y, Terauchi Y. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):113-LB.

Effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes according to baseline renal function and albuminuria status: Insights from DECLARE-TIMI 58

Zelniker TA, Raz I, Mosenzon O, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):ehz747.0052.

Metformin reduces the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective cohort analysis

Tseng CH. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P5006.

First plus recurrent CV and hospitalization events in the CArdiovascular and Renal Microvascular outcomE study with LINAgliptin (CARMELINA) in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiorenal disease

Marx N, McGuire DK, Johansen O, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P6272.

Early benefits of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes with heart failure are not offset by increased adverse events: results from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Pellicori P, Ofstad AP, Fitchett D, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P2629.

Effect of empagliflozin as add-on therapy on decongestion and renal function in diabetic patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: a prospective randomized controlled study

Tamaki S, Yamada T, Morita T, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):ehz745.0167.

SGLT-2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists and risk of mortality, chronic kidney disease and hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes

Noergaard C, Torp-Pedersen C, Vestergaard P, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):ehz747.0054.

Sex-based differences in cardioprotective role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Madan N, Sohal S, Parpid B, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P2482.

Effects of the glucagon like peptide-1 receptor analogue, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 and their combination on myocardial work index and vascular function in diabetes after 3-month treatment

Ikonomidis I, Birba D, Thymis J, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P4991.

The effect of semaglutide once weekly on MACE and blood pressure by race and ethnicity: SUSTAIN 6 post hoc analysis

Desouza C, Bain SC, Gondolf T, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P6271.

Cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 (liraglutide) treatment in experimental arterial hypertension are mediated by the endothelial GLP-1 receptor

Steven S, Helmstaedter J, Filippou K, et al. Eur Heart J 2019;40(Suppl 1):P4476.

Heart failure outcomes in patients with diabetes with and without atrial fibrillation - data from the EMPA-REG outcome study

Verma S, Böhm M, Brueckmann M, et al. Can J Cardiol 2019;35:S197.

Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Hispanic/Latino Patients (Pts) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Liu J, Tarasenko L, Ellison ME, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):2353-PUB.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 52-Week Indian Experience

Mahapatra H, Khuntia M, Mahapatra L, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):2349-PUB.

Clinical Characteristics of SGLT2 Inhibitor User in Type 2 Diabetes with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure in a Real-World Setting

Jeong SJ, Park IEB, Lee SE, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):2346-PUB.

Level of Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Patients with Established Cardiovascular Disease (eCVD) or Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Prescribed an SGLT2i

Iglay K, Bansal N, Gulati T, et al. Diabetes 2019;68(Suppl 1):2352-PUB.

Ongoing Trials

SGLT2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the EMPULSE trial

Tromp J, Ponikowski P, Salsali A, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; epub ahead of press.

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in acute heart failure: rationale and design of the DICTATE-AHF trial

Cox ZL, Collins SP, Aaron M, et al. Am Heart J 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effects of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Yin D, Hui Y, Yang C, Xu Y. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99:e22660.

Design and baseline characteristics of the AMPLITUDE-O cardiovascular outcomes trial of efpeglenatide, a weekly GLP-1 RA

Gerstein HC, Branch K, Heenan L, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23:318–23.

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy (CREDENCE) Trial

Lo R, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee C. ACC Expert Analysis 22 April 2020.

Dedicated kidney disease-focused outcome trials with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: lessons from CREDENCE and expectations from DAPA-HF, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY

Rhee JJ, Jardine MJ, Chertow GM, Mahaffey KW. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22(Suppl 1):46–54.

Rationale and protocol of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial

Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Chertow GM, et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020;35:274–82.

Effect of semaglutide on coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with type II diabetes: rationale and design of the Semaglutide Treatment On coronary Progression trial

Hamal S, Cherukuri L, Shaikh K, et al. Coron Artery Dis 2020;31:306–14.

Empagliflozin effects on pulmonary artery pressure in patients with heart failure: results from EMpagliflozin Evaluation By MeasuRing ImpAct on HemodynamiCs in PatiEnts with Heart Failure (EMBRACE-HF) trial

Nassif ME, Qintar M, Windsor SL, et al. Circulation 2021; epub ahead of press.

Randomized trial of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Santos-Gallego CG, Vargas-Delgado AP, Requena-Ibanez JA, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:243–55.

Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial

Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, Jongs N, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021;9:22–31.

Empagliflozin cuts cardiovascular deaths in advanced heart failure

Slomski A. JAMA 2020;324:2476.

Empagliflozin ameliorates diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular fibrosis/stiffness in nondiabetic heart failure: a multimodality study

Santos-Gallego CG, Requena-Ibanez JA, San Antonio R, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021;14:393–407.

Changes in albuminuria predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the LEADER Trial

Persson F, Bain SC, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Care 2021; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without cardiovascular disease

McMurray JJV, Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, et al. Circulation 2021;143:438–48.

Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and safety outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease according to history of heart failure: results from the CREDENCE Trial

Sarraju A, Li J, Cannon CP, et al. Am Heart J 2021;233:141–8.

Effect of tofogliflozin on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes: prespecified sub-analysis of the prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative UTOPIA trial

Katakami N, Mita T, Yoshii H, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:4.

Efficacy of dulaglutide on vascular health indexes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

Tuttolomondo A, Cirrincione A, Casuccio A, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:1.

A 52-week randomized controlled trial of ipragliflozin or sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes combined with metformin: the N-ISM study

Kitazawa M, Katagiri T, Suzuki H, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23:811–21.

Biomarker-based risk prediction of incident heart failure in pre-diabetes and diabetes

Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2021;9:215–23.

Associations of empagliflozin with left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a substudy of the Empire HF randomized clinical trial

Omar M, Jensen J, Ali M, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2021; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an exploratory analysis from DAPA-HF

Inzucchi SE, Docherty KF, Køber L, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:586–94. 

Changes in cardiovascular biomarkers associated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes

Lawler PR, Liu H, Frankfurter C, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:e45–7.

Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (SUGAR-DM-HF)

Lee MMY, Brooksbank KJM, Wetherall K, et al. Circulation 2021;143:516–25.

Randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the IDDIA trial

Shim CY, Seo J, Cho I, et al. Circulation 2021;143:510–2.

Effects of canagliflozin on amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction

Januzzi JL Jr, Xu J, Li J, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:2076–85.

Effect of empagliflozin on the clinical stability of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J et al. Circulation 2021;143:326–36.

Efficacy of dapagliflozin on renal function and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of DAPA-HF

Jhund PS, Solomon SD, Docherty KF, et al. Circulation 2021;143:298–309.

Effect of dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF according to background glucose-lowering therapy

Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Bengtsson O, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2878–81.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 predicts renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study

Januzzi JL Jr, Butler J, Sattar N, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:210–6.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical implications of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clements JN, Isaacs D, Hartman RE, Gambill K. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin reduced long-term HbA1c variability and cardiovascular death: insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Ceriello A, Ofstad AP, Zwiener I, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:176.

The risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Ling AW, Chan CC, Chen SW, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:188.

Cardiac and kidney benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure across the spectrum of kidney function: insights from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Circulation 2021;143:310–21.

The impact of empagliflozin on obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes: an exploratory analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Neeland IJ, Eliasson B, Kasai T, et al. Diabetes Care 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with and without baseline metformin use: post hoc analyses of the LEADER Trial

Crowley MJ, McGuire DK, Alexopoulos AS, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e108–10.

Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects

Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1028–39.

Consistent effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes irrespective of diabetic kidney disease categories – insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Early change in albuminuria with canagliflozin predicts kidney and cardiovascular outcomes: a post hoc analysis from the CREDENCE trial

Oshima M, Neuen BL, Li J, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Impact of microvascular disease on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 clinical trials

Verma S, Bain SC, Honoré JB, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril/valsartan: the DAPA-HF trial

Solomon SD, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:811–8.

Cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin by baseline glucose lowering agents – post-hoc analyses from DECLARE-TIMI 58

Cahn A, Wiviott SD, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin influences ventricular hemodynamics and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients – a randomized controlled trial

Kayano H, Koba S, Hirano T, et al. Circ J 2020;84:1807–17.

Renal and cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibition in combination with loop diuretics in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: the RECEDE-CHF trial

Mordi NA, Mordi IR, Singh JS, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1713–24.

Twelve weeks of treatment with empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

Jensen J, Omar M, Kistorp C, et al. Am Heart J 2020;228:47–56.

Risk of amputation with canagliflozin across categories of age and cardiovascular risk in three US nationwide databases: cohort study

Fralick M, Kim SC, Schneeweiss S, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m2812.

Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes

Cannon CP, Pratley R, Dagogo-Jack S, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1425–35.

Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease

Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1436–46.

The impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on natriuretic peptides in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes

Nielsen R, Jorsal A, Tougaard RS, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study

Filion KB, Lix LM, Yu OH, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m3342.

Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER programme

Thethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1263–77.

Incidence of hospitalization for heart failure relative to major atherosclerotic events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials

Sacre JW, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2614–23.

Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on kidney function and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-7 randomised controlled trials

Mann JFE, Hansen T, Idorn T, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:880–93.

SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Lancet 2020;396:819–29.

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. N Engl J Med 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin reduces the risk of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure across Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure in Diabetes categories: post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Verma S, Sharma A, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1141–50.

Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with short and long-standing type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial

Bajaj HS, Raz I, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1122–31.

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of linagliptin treatment in older people with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease and/or kidney disease: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled CARMELINA® trial

Cooper ME, Rosenstock J, Kadowaki T, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1062–73.

Association between uric acid levels and cardio-renal outcomes and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Ji Q, Bhatt DL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1207–14.

Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study

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