Diabetes

CV Outcomes in Diabetes

Risk reduction with antihyperglycaemic therapies

 

Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

 

The opportunity for CV disease prevention in patients with T2D has recently expanded with antihyperglycaemic agents demonstrating significant reductions in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Although the exact mechanisms of CV benefit remain uncertain, they appear to be unrelated to the direct glucose-lowering effects. These agents have triggered a shift beyond glucose control, to a broader strategy of comprehensive CV risk reduction.

 

CV specialists are well-positioned to play a key role in managing patients with T2D, including screening, aggressively treating CV risk factors, and incorporating the use of antihyperglycaemic agents into routine practice.

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Section Advisor

Professor Mikhail N Kosiborod

Saint Luke's America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, US

The Radcliffe diabetes and CVD risk program is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk.

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Empagliflozin effects on pulmonary artery pressure in patients with heart failure: results from EMpagliflozin Evaluation By MeasuRing ImpAct on HemodynamiCs in PatiEnts with Heart Failure (EMBRACE-HF) trial

Nassif ME, Qintar M, Windsor SL, et al. Circulation 2021; epub ahead of press.

Randomized trial of empagliflozin in nondiabetic patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

Santos-Gallego CG, Vargas-Delgado AP, Requena-Ibanez JA, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:243–55.

Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial

Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, Jongs N, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021;9:22–31.

Empagliflozin cuts cardiovascular deaths in advanced heart failure

Slomski A. JAMA 2020;324:2476.

Empagliflozin ameliorates diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular fibrosis/stiffness in nondiabetic heart failure: a multimodality study

Santos-Gallego CG, Requena-Ibanez JA, San Antonio R, et al. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021;14:393–407.

Changes in albuminuria predict cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the LEADER Trial

Persson F, Bain SC, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Care 2021; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without cardiovascular disease

McMurray JJV, Wheeler DC, Stefánsson BV, et al. Circulation 2021;143:438–48.

Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular, renal, and safety outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease according to history of heart failure: results from the CREDENCE Trial

Sarraju A, Li J, Cannon CP, et al. Am Heart J 2021;233:141–8.

Effect of tofogliflozin on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes: prespecified sub-analysis of the prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative UTOPIA trial

Katakami N, Mita T, Yoshii H, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:4.

Efficacy of dulaglutide on vascular health indexes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial

Tuttolomondo A, Cirrincione A, Casuccio A, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021;20:1.

A 52-week randomized controlled trial of ipragliflozin or sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes combined with metformin: the N-ISM study

Kitazawa M, Katagiri T, Suzuki H, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021;23:811–21.

Biomarker-based risk prediction of incident heart failure in pre-diabetes and diabetes

Pandey A, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2021;9:215–23.

Associations of empagliflozin with left ventricular volumes, mass, and function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a substudy of the Empire HF randomized clinical trial

Omar M, Jensen J, Ali M, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2021; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an exploratory analysis from DAPA-HF

Inzucchi SE, Docherty KF, Køber L, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:586–94. 

Changes in cardiovascular biomarkers associated with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes

Lawler PR, Liu H, Frankfurter C, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:e45–7.

Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (SUGAR-DM-HF)

Lee MMY, Brooksbank KJM, Wetherall K, et al. Circulation 2021;143:516–25.

Randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the IDDIA trial

Shim CY, Seo J, Cho I, et al. Circulation 2021;143:510–2.

Effects of canagliflozin on amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction

Januzzi JL Jr, Xu J, Li J, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;76:2076–85.

Effect of empagliflozin on the clinical stability of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J et al. Circulation 2021;143:326–36.

Efficacy of dapagliflozin on renal function and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of DAPA-HF

Jhund PS, Solomon SD, Docherty KF, et al. Circulation 2021;143:298–309.

Effect of dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF according to background glucose-lowering therapy

Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Bengtsson O, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2878–81.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 predicts renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study

Januzzi JL Jr, Butler J, Sattar N, et al. Diabetes Care 2021;44:210–6.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical implications of oral semaglutide for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clements JN, Isaacs D, Hartman RE, Gambill K. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin reduced long-term HbA1c variability and cardiovascular death: insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Ceriello A, Ofstad AP, Zwiener I, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:176.

The risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Ling AW, Chan CC, Chen SW, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:188.

Cardiac and kidney benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure across the spectrum of kidney function: insights from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Circulation 2021;143:310–21.

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. N Engl J Med 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with and without baseline metformin use: post hoc analyses of the LEADER Trial

Crowley MJ, McGuire DK, Alexopoulos AS, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e108–10.

The impact of empagliflozin on obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes: an exploratory analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Neeland IJ, Eliasson B, Kasai T, et al. Diabetes Care 2020; epub ahead of press.

Consistent effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes irrespective of diabetic kidney disease categories – insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardiorenal effects

Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Circulation 2020;142:1028–39.

Impact of microvascular disease on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 clinical trials

Verma S, Bain SC, Honoré JB, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Early change in albuminuria with canagliflozin predicts kidney and cardiovascular outcomes: a post hoc analysis from the CREDENCE trial

Oshima M, Neuen BL, Li J, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin by baseline glucose lowering agents – post-hoc analyses from DECLARE-TIMI 58

Cahn A, Wiviott SD, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril/valsartan: the DAPA-HF trial

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Renal and cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibition in combination with loop diuretics in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure: the RECEDE-CHF trial

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Dapagliflozin influences ventricular hemodynamics and exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients – a randomized controlled trial

Kayano H, Koba S, Hirano T, et al. Circ J 2020;84:1807–17.

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Fralick M, Kim SC, Schneeweiss S, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m2812.

Twelve weeks of treatment with empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial

Jensen J, Omar M, Kistorp C, et al. Am Heart J 2020;228:47–56.

The impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on natriuretic peptides in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes

Nielsen R, Jorsal A, Tougaard RS, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease

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Cardiovascular outcomes with ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes

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Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER programme

Thethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1263–77.

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: multi-database retrospective cohort study

Filion KB, Lix LM, Yu OH, et al. BMJ 2020;370:m3342.

Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide on kidney function and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN 1-7 randomised controlled trials

Mann JFE, Hansen T, Idorn T, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:880–93.

Incidence of hospitalization for heart failure relative to major atherosclerotic events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials

Sacre JW, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2614–23.

SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials

Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, et al. Lancet 2020;396:819–29.

Risk of cardiovascular events and death associated with initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with DPP-4 inhibitors: an analysis from the CVD-REAL 2 multinational cohort study

Kohsaka S, Lam CSP, Kim DJ, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:606–15

Using the BRAVO risk engine to predict cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

Shao H, Shi L, Fonseca VA. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1530–6.

Empagliflozin reduces the risk of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure across Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure in Diabetes categories: post hoc analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Verma S, Sharma A, Zinman B, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1141–50.

Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with short and long-standing type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial

Bajaj HS, Raz I, Mosenzon O, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1122–31.

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes of linagliptin treatment in older people with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease and/or kidney disease: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the randomized, placebo-controlled CARMELINA® trial

Cooper ME, Rosenstock J, Kadowaki T, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1062–73.

Association between uric acid levels and cardio-renal outcomes and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Ji Q, Bhatt DL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1207–14.

Comparison of heart failure risk and medical costs between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Seong JM, Kim JJ, Kim HJ, Sohn HS. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020;19:95.

Temporal trends in cardiovascular complications in people with or without type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

Davis WA, Gregg EW, Davis TME. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020;105:dgaa215.

Contemporary treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of comorbid diabetes mellitus and HFrEF: the CHAMP-HF Registry

Vaduganathan M, Fonarow GC, Greene SJ, et al. JACC Heart Fail 2020;8:469–80.

Heart failure and renal outcomes according to baseline and achieved blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Böhm M, Fitchett D, Ofstad AP, et al. J Hypertens 2020; eub ahead of press.

Effects of the dual sodium-glucose linked transporter inhibitor, licogliflozin vs placebo or empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure

de Boer RA, Núñez J, Kozlovski P, et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020;86:1346–56.

Can the cardiovascular risk reductions observed with empagliflozin in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial be explained by concomitant changes seen in conventional cardiovascular risk factor levels?

Coleman RL, Gray AM, Broedl Md UC, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:1151–6.

Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition according to left ventricular ejection fraction in DAPA-HF

Dewan P, Solomon SD, Jhund PS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular and renal outcomes by baseline albuminuria status and renal function – results from the LEADER randomized trial

Mosenzon O, Bain SC, Heerspink HJL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Superior effect of 1-year treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonist and exercise on weight loss maintenance and body composition after a very low-calorie diet: the S-LITE randomized trial

Janus C, Lundgren JR, Jensen S, et al. Diabetes 2020;69(Suppl1):139-OR.

Association between HbA1c levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the TECOS randomized clinical trial

McAlister FA, , Zheng Y, Westerhout CM, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

LEADER trial eligibility and preventable cardiovascular events in US adults with diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2016

Fan W, Tong C, Wong ND. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; epub ahead of press.

A randomized controlled trial of dapagliflozin on left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type two diabetes: the DAPA-LVH trial

Brown AJM, Gandy S, McCrimmon R, et al. Eur Heart J 2020; epub ahead of press.

Cardiovascular risk reduction with liraglutide: an exploratory mediation analysis of the LEADER trial

Buse JB, Bain SC, Mann JFE, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1546–52.

Enrolment criteria for diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials do not inform on generalizability to clinical practice: the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Sciannameo V, Berchialla P, Orsi E, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:817–27.

Exploring the possible impact of unbalanced open-label drop-in of glucose-lowering medications on EXSCEL outcomes

Bethel MA, Stevens SR, Buse JB, et al. Circulation 2020;141:1360–70.

Renal, cardiovascular, and safety outcomes of canagliflozin by baseline kidney function: a secondary analysis of the CREDENCE randomized trial

Jardine MJ, Zhou Z, Mahaffey KW, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31:1128–39.

The influence of baseline diastolic blood pressure on the effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes

Ilkun OL, Greene T, Cheung AK, et al. Diabetes Care 2020; epub ahead of press.

Risk of severe hypoglycaemia and its impact in type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE

Heller S, Lingvay I, Marso SP, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Validation of distinct type 2 diabetes clusters and their association with diabetes complications in the DEVOTE, LEADER and SUSTAIN-6 cardiovascular outcomes trials

Kahkoska AR, Geybels MS, Klein KR, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardio-renal effects

Griffin M, Rao VS, Ivey-Miranda J, et al. Circulation 2020; epub ahead of press.

Contemporary cardiovascular risk assessment for type 2 diabetes including heart failure as an outcome: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II

Davis WA, Hellbusch V, Hunter ML, et al. J Clin Med 2020;9:e1428.

Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Al-Bazz DY, Wilding JPH. Future Cardiol 2020;16:77–88.

The effects of canagliflozin compared to sitagliptin on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: results of the CANA-HF study

Carbone S, Billingsley HE, Canada JM, et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; epub ahead of press.

Hyperglycaemia, ejection fraction and the risk of heart failure or cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome

Shin SH, Claggett B, Pfeffer MA, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; epub ahead of press.

Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study

Bromage DI, Godec TR, Pujades-Rodriguez M, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:168.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF)

Damman K, Beusekamp JC, Boorsma EM, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:713–22

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. N Engl J Med 2019;381:841-51.

Efficacy of empagliflozin on heart failure and renal outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

Böhm M, Slawik J, Brueckmann M, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2020;22:126–35.

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial

Zelniker TA, Bonaca MP, Furtado RHM, et al. Circulation 2020;141:1227–34.

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin on myocardial efficiency in insulin-resistant chronic heart failure patients without diabetes

Larsen AH, Jessen N, Nørrelund H, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; epub ahead of press.

The effect of dulaglutide on stroke: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial

Gerstein HC, Hart RH, Colhoun HM, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020;8:106–14.

Clinical outcomes with canagliflozin according to baseline body mass index: results from post hoc analyses of the CANVAS Program

Ohkuma T, Van Gaal L, Shaw W, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:530–9.

Are the cardiovascular and kidney benefits of empagliflozin influenced by baseline glucose-lowering therapy?

Inzucchi SE, Fitchett D, Jurišić‐Eržen D, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:631–9.

Semaglutide (SUSTAIN and PIONEER) reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes across varying cardiovascular risk

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Twelve-year trends in pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes among patients with heart failure in the United States

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Prediction and validation of exenatide risk marker effects on progression of renal disease: Insights from EXSCEL

Idzerda NMA, Clegg LE, Hernandez AF, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020;22:798–806.

The Association Between Uric Acid Levels and Cardio-renal Outcomes and Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Subanalysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Verma S, Ji Q, Bhatt DL, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; epub ahead of press.

Heart failure with insulin degludec versus glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease: DEVOTE 14

Pratley RE, Husain M, Lingvay I, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:156.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction

Trevisan M, Fu EL, Szummer K, et al. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2020; epub ahead of press.

Comparison of Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Human vs Analogue Insulins

Neugebauer R, Schroeder EB, Reynolds K, et al. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e1918554.

Occurence of First and Recurrent Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Liraglutide Treatment Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and High Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Verma S, Bain SC, Bus JB, et al. JAMA Cardiol 2019;4:1214–20.

Eligibility of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors among patients with diabetes mellitus admitted for heart failure

Sharma A, Wu J, Ezekowitz JA, et al. ESC Heart Fail 2020;7:275–9.

Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Renal Function in Patients Treated With Once-Weekly Exenatide: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial

Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, MerrillP, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:446–52.

Prescription patterns of diabetes medications influencing clinical outcomes of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Chang HY, Su YW, Feng AN, et al. ESC Heart Fail 2020;7:604–15.

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in the Elderly: Analysis From the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Study

Cahn A, Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:468–75.

Impact of diabetes mellitus on short term vascular complications after TAVR: Results from the BRAVO-3 randomized trial

Goel R, Power D, Tchetche D, et al. Int J Cardiol 2019;297:22–9.

Confirming the Bidirectional Nature of the Association Between Severe Hypoglycemic and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From EXSCEL

Standl E, Stevens SR, Lokhnygina Y, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:643–52.

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Liang WH, et al. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708–20.

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular event protections: how applicable are clinical trials and observational studies to real-world patients?

Shao SC, Lin YH, Chang KC, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019;7:e000742.

Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Prescribing Preferences for SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, 2013-2018

Dave CV, Schneeweis S, Wexler DJ, et al. Diabetes Care 2020;43:921–4.

Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Lancet 2019;394:121–30.

Insulin treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Shen L, Rørth R, Cosmi D, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:974–84.

The Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial: baseline characteristics

McMurray JJV, DeMets DL, Inzucchi SE, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1402–11.

Sitagliptin does not reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure following myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: observations from TECOS

Nauck MA, McGuire DK, Pieper KS, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:116.

Comparative risk evaluation for cardiovascular events associated with dapagliflozin vs. empagliflozin in real-world type 2 diabetes patients: a multi-institutional cohort study

Shao SC, Chang K, Hung M, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019;18:120.

Eligibility of patients with type 2 diabetes for sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials: An assessment using the Diabetes Collaborative Registry

Wittbrodt E, Chamberlain D, Arnold SV, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:1985–9.

Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes across Different Levels of Albuminuria: Data from the CANVAS Program

Neuen BL, Ohkuma T, Neal B, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019;30:2229–42.

Effects of Liraglutide Compared With Placebo on Events of Acute Gallbladder or Biliary Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events in the LEADER Randomized Trial

Nauck MA, Ghorbani MLM, Kreiner E, et al. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1912–20.

Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial

Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos GS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1279–87.

Evaluation of the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial

Packer M, Butler J, Filippatos GS, et al. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21:1270–8.

Effect of Empagliflozin on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease: The EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 Randomized Clinical Trial

Verma S, Mazer CD, Yan AT, et al. Circulation 2019;140:1693–702.

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Mahaffey KW, Jardin MJ, Bompoint S, et al. Circulation 2019;140:739–50.

Relationship between hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes, and empagliflozin treatment in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial

Fitchett D, Inzucchi, Wanner C, et al. Eur Heart J 2020;41:209–17.

Duration of diabetes and cardiorenal efficacy of liraglutide and semaglutide: A post hoc analysis of the LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 clinical trials

Verma S, Bain SC, Fries TM, et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019;21:1745–51.

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus daily canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 8): a double-blind, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial

Lingvay I, Catarig AM, Frias JP, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7:834–44.

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, et al. N Engl J Med 2019;381:841–51.

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Associated Risks of Cardiovascular Events, Mortality, and Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis (DEVOTE 11)

Amod A, Buse JB, McGuire DK, et al. Diabetes Ther 2020;11:53–70.

Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial

Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7:606–17.

Comparative efficacy, safety, and cardiovascular outcomes with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Insights from the SUSTAIN 1-7 trials

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Kidney implications of the initial EGFR response to SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin: the ‘EGFR DIP’ in EMPA-REG OUTCOME

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Effects of semaglutide versus comparators on cardiovascular events across a continuum of baseline cardiovascular risk: combined analysis of the SUSTAIN and PIONEER trials

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Applying REWIND CVD criteria to SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6: an exploratory analysis of CV outcomes with semaglutide

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Report from the 5th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) summit

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Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) vs. First-Generation Basal Insulins (BI) in Insulin-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Patients (Pts) With and Without Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

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Effect of Dapagliflozin on Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From the DECLARE-TIMI 58 Trial

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Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction According to Age: Insights From DAPA-HF (Late breaking science)

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Liraglutide and Semaglutide Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease

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Empagliflozin Selected Cardiovascular and Safety Outcomes in Routine Care: First Results from the Empagliflozin Comparative Effectiveness and Safety (EMPRISE) Study

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Liraglutide for Perioperative Management of Hyperglycaemia in Cardiac Surgery Patients (GLOBE): A Multicentre, Prospective, Superiority Randomised Trial

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Effects of Liraglutide and Empagliflozin Add-On to Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: ELLENA-IT, a Randomized Controlled Study

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The effect of semaglutide once weekly on MACE and blood pressure by race and ethnicity: SUSTAIN 6 post hoc analysis

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Heart failure outcomes in patients with diabetes with and without atrial fibrillation - data from the EMPA-REG outcome study

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Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Hispanic/Latino Patients (Pts) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

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Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 52-Week Indian Experience

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SGLT2 inhibition in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: rationale for and design of the EMPULSE trial

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Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in acute heart failure: rationale and design of the DICTATE-AHF trial

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Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy (CREDENCE) Trial

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Dedicated kidney disease-focused outcome trials with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: lessons from CREDENCE and expectations from DAPA-HF, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY

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LDL-C Reduction in Diabetic Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Is There any Difference with Non-diabetic?

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Impact of 2016 American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function on Predicting Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension without a Histor

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Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Stage C Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

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Women and Diabetes: Preventing Heart Disease in a New Era of Therapies

European Cardiology Review 2021;16:e40.

Consensus Recommendations by the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology: Optimising Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

European Cardiology Review 2021;16:e14.

Novel Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: What Cardiologists and Diabetologists Should Know

European Cardiology Review 2021;16:e12.

A Practical Guide for Cardiologists to the Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

European Cardiology Review 2021;16:e11.

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Trials of New Antidiabetic Drug Classes

Cardiac Failure Review 2021;7:e04.

Effects of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes With or Without Heart Failure

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Which Drug Will "Lead" in Reducing Cardiac Events Among Heart Failure Patients With Diabetes?

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Temporal trends in cardiovascular complications in people with or without type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.

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Using the BRAVO risk engine to predict cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials with sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors

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Diabetic agents, from metformin to SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists: JACC focus seminar

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Effect of treatment with dapagliflozin is consistent across the range of body mass index in patients with HFrEF: an analysis of the DAPA-HF trial

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Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with short and long-standing type 2 diabetes: Analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial

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CV Outcome Trials in T2D: What Do They Mean for Clinical Practice?

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GLP-1RA for prevention of CR outcomes in T2D

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Cardio-diabetology: The new ‘sweetheart’ in cardiovascular prevention

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Dapagliflozin in Patients with HF and HFrEF

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