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3 years ago
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary primary myocardial disease that is most commonly caused by mutations within genes encoding sarcomeric contractile proteins and is characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of a cardiac or systemic cause.1,2 The condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and has a prevalence of one in 500.3,4 Marked genetic…
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1 year ago
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3 years ago
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvular heart disease in developed countries,1 with a steady increase in prevalence as the population ages. Progressive degeneration of aortic leaflets,2 age-related and enhanced by common cardiovascular risk factors,3 is the most frequent aetiology. Besides ‘calcific’ AS (the valvular disease of the elderly), the second most frequent aetiology is…
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3 years ago
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with acute risk of early malignant arrhythmias that can be easily treated during in-hospital intensive care by defibrillation, adjuvant antiarrhythmic therapy or even catheter ablation in resistant cases. Indeed, such management resulted in substantial improvement in MI survival rate. Despite the implementation of primary percutaneous coronary…
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3 years ago
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3 years ago
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a clinical entity identified in 1992 by Brugada brothers from a file of patients resuscitated from sudden cardiac death (SCD).1 Of these patients, some had a specific electrocardiogram (ECG) appearance characterised by an incomplete right bundle branch block associated with an ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads. It quickly became apparent that this…
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3 years ago
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be defined as unexpected death that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms or during sleep in a person who was previously stable. The mode of death, which may be due to an arrhythmic or non-arrhythmic cause, depends on the underlying cardiovascular abnormality (mechanical or electrical substrate). SCD remains a major public health problem worldwide and is…
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3 years ago
Risk stratification of patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) starts on presentation and is a continuous process to predict those who are at high risk for further ischemic events or adverse outcomes. Among patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), risk stratification begins with initial assessment to detect patients at immediate high risk. Subsequent evaluation is…
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3 years ago
Low to moderate amounts of regular physical activity reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk factor burden, improve morbidity of CV and other chronic diseases and reduce CV mortality.1–6 Aerobic endurance activities such as walking, jogging and running are popular and advocated ways to improve and maintain health across all age groups. Marathon running is an extreme form of such endurance exercise and…
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3 years ago
Introduction
The Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a hereditary arrhythmia syndrome manifesting as recurrent syncope or sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to polymorphic ventricular (VT) or fibrillation (VF) in the absence of overt structural heart disease or myocardial ischaemia.1,2 The prevalence of the syndrome is estimated at around 15 per 10,000 in South East Asia including Japan and around 2 per 10,000…
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