Women

Understanding the differences and challenges of treating cardiovascular disease in women is essential to improving population health. Compared with men, women have higher stroke mortality, higher morbidity after a heart attack, lower awareness of CVD, and a higher prevalence of risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.

Hormonal changes, pregnancy and cancer therapies have an impact on endothelial function, vascular anatomy, and myocardial contractility. Women with heart disease often present later, receive care not consistent with accepted guidelines, and have less access to diagnostic and therapeutic resources.